The main object of audit is to find out whether the financial statements prepared by a company show the true and fair view of the financial state of affairs of a company and if not then in what respect they are not showing.
It will be said that the financial statements and the books of account [...]

Frauds is an act done intentionally to get an advantage or gain. Errors are unintentional, whereas frauds are intentional errors.
Type of frauds – following type of frauds can occur in the books of account:
• Misappropriation of goods: – When any employee or any outsider of the company steels the goods (raw material, semi finished [...]

There are two types of object of auditing.
1. The main objects and
2. The secondary or subsidiary object.
The Main object- the main object of auditing is to help the auditor to form an opinion as to whether the books of account and the financial statements show true and fair view of the business. Auditor has to [...]

Account Auditing in India is known as an examination of financial statements i.e. balance sheet and profit & loss a/c, books of account and related vouchers so as to help the auditor to form an option as to whether the financial statements show true and fair view of the business affairs or not, and if [...]

A private limited company has two types of share capital:
• Equity share capital
• Preference share capital
EQUITY SHARE CAPITAL
This type of share capital is that part of capital that is not a preferential. In other words it is the basic kind of capital or an ordinary share capital.
PREFERENTAL SHARE CAPITAL
This part of capital has the following characteristics:
• It carries [...]

Following special points have be considered while doing the audit of an insurance company:
GENERAL
• Auditor first of all should study the relevant provisions of the insurance act governing the insurance company.
• Auditor should evaluate the internal control system of the entity. He should decide that up to what extent he can rely on this system.
• He should check [...]

Auditor should take following steps while doing the audit of an educational institution.
1. APPOINTMENT
He should check that his appointment is in order and should receive the letter of appointment.
2. RULES
He should study the legislation and rules governing the institution care fully. These can be had from the charter deeds and minute books of the [...]

Following special points must be considered while doing the audit of a hospital:
GENERAL
• The nature of the entity must be understood. It may be a sole proprietorship a partnership firm or a company. Auditor should make his audit programmed accordingly.
• Auditor should study the minutes of the meetings of the board of directors. It will provide information [...]

Management audit is a comprehensive and complete examination of all managerial functions and the effective use of their total resources in achieving the goals of an organization.
According to Taylor and Perry “Management auditing is a method to evaluate the efficiency of management at all levels throughout the organization in order to ascertain whether sound management [...]

1. Establishing the objects of organization- The first job in the management audit is to identify the objectives of the business organization.
2. Evaluation of the organization structure- Next step in the management audit is to evaluate the organization structure. To find out that whether the structure enough to achieve the goals of the organizations.
3. Evaluating the policies of [...]